See scurnen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"eschurnir",
"eschurnir#Old_French"
],
[
"escornir",
"escornir#Old_French"
],
[
"escharnir",
"escharnir#Old_French"
],
[
"scornen",
"scornen#Middle_English"
],
[
"scornen",
"scornen#Middle_English"
],
[
"schonen",
"schonen#Middle_English"
],
[
"spurnen",
"spurnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"scornen",
"scornen#Middle_English"
],
[
"curn",
"curn#Scots"
],
[
"schonen",
"schonen#Middle_English"
],
[
"-eren",
"-eren#Middle_English"
],
[
"turnen",
"turn#Middle_English"
],
[
"burn",
"burn#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing"
},
"expansion": "borrowing",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "eschurnir"
},
"expansion": "Old French eschurnir",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scornen",
"t": "to scorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scornen (“to scorn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scornen",
"3": "schonen",
"nocap": "1",
"t2": "to shun"
},
"expansion": "blend of scornen + schonen (“to shun”)",
"name": "blend"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-nor",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "curn",
"t": "corn"
},
"expansion": "Scots curn (“corn”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "*scon(e)ren"
},
"expansion": "metathesis of *scon(e)ren",
"name": "metathesis"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear; there are multiple possibilities, though none is entirely convincing:\n* A borrowing from Old French eschurnir, escornir, variant of escharnir, possibly from a zero-grade variant of that verb's Germanic etymon. However, these forms may have been reborrowed from Middle English scornen (“to scorn”) or even scurnen itself.\n* A blend of scornen + schonen (“to shun”) and/or spurnen (“to trip”).\n* An adaptation of scornen as it underwent interdialectal borrowing into Northern Middle English: the phontactically non-Northern sequence /ɔːrn/ would have been adapted as /oːrn/ before either undergoing the Northern change of /oː/ to /yː/ or the same development to /u/ as in Scots curn (“corn”).\n* Strandberg believes this verb is a metathesis of *scon(e)ren, itself from *sconen (perhaps a lost North Germanic cognate of schonen) + -eren. Incidentally, he claims that this verb must have had short /u/ on the basis of rhymes with turnen and burn (“brook, stream”), but inexact rhymes are not inconceivable.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scurneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to scurnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schurine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "scurnen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "scurn"
},
"expansion": "scurnen (third-person singular simple present scurneth, present participle scurnende, scurnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scurned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mostly",
"3": "Northern ME"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly Northern)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scurn",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "enm:Fear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be afraid or scared (to do something)."
],
"id": "en-scurnen-enm-verb-RZ5Wg0dD",
"links": [
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
],
[
"scared",
"scared"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sidestep or dodge an attack."
],
"id": "en-scurnen-enm-verb-oZ2W2sGS",
"links": [
[
"sidestep",
"sidestep"
],
[
"dodge",
"dodge"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To sidestep or dodge an attack."
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskurnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskyːrnən/",
"note": "unclear; either is possible"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃ-/",
"note": "variation between /ˈʃ-/ and /ˈsk-/ can be postulated regardless of the etymology adopted"
}
],
"word": "scurnen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Northern Middle English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fear"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"eschurnir",
"eschurnir#Old_French"
],
[
"escornir",
"escornir#Old_French"
],
[
"escharnir",
"escharnir#Old_French"
],
[
"scornen",
"scornen#Middle_English"
],
[
"scornen",
"scornen#Middle_English"
],
[
"schonen",
"schonen#Middle_English"
],
[
"spurnen",
"spurnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"scornen",
"scornen#Middle_English"
],
[
"curn",
"curn#Scots"
],
[
"schonen",
"schonen#Middle_English"
],
[
"-eren",
"-eren#Middle_English"
],
[
"turnen",
"turn#Middle_English"
],
[
"burn",
"burn#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing"
},
"expansion": "borrowing",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "eschurnir"
},
"expansion": "Old French eschurnir",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scornen",
"t": "to scorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scornen (“to scorn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scornen",
"3": "schonen",
"nocap": "1",
"t2": "to shun"
},
"expansion": "blend of scornen + schonen (“to shun”)",
"name": "blend"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-nor",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "curn",
"t": "corn"
},
"expansion": "Scots curn (“corn”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "",
"3": "*scon(e)ren"
},
"expansion": "metathesis of *scon(e)ren",
"name": "metathesis"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear; there are multiple possibilities, though none is entirely convincing:\n* A borrowing from Old French eschurnir, escornir, variant of escharnir, possibly from a zero-grade variant of that verb's Germanic etymon. However, these forms may have been reborrowed from Middle English scornen (“to scorn”) or even scurnen itself.\n* A blend of scornen + schonen (“to shun”) and/or spurnen (“to trip”).\n* An adaptation of scornen as it underwent interdialectal borrowing into Northern Middle English: the phontactically non-Northern sequence /ɔːrn/ would have been adapted as /oːrn/ before either undergoing the Northern change of /oː/ to /yː/ or the same development to /u/ as in Scots curn (“corn”).\n* Strandberg believes this verb is a metathesis of *scon(e)ren, itself from *sconen (perhaps a lost North Germanic cognate of schonen) + -eren. Incidentally, he claims that this verb must have had short /u/ on the basis of rhymes with turnen and burn (“brook, stream”), but inexact rhymes are not inconceivable.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scurneth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to scurnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurnende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scurned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schurine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "skurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "scurnen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "scurn"
},
"expansion": "scurnen (third-person singular simple present scurneth, present participle scurnende, scurnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scurned)",
"name": "enm-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mostly",
"3": "Northern ME"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly Northern)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scurn",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To be afraid or scared (to do something)."
],
"links": [
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
],
[
"scared",
"scared"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To sidestep or dodge an attack."
],
"links": [
[
"sidestep",
"sidestep"
],
[
"dodge",
"dodge"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To sidestep or dodge an attack."
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskurnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈskyːrnən/",
"note": "unclear; either is possible"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃ-/",
"note": "variation between /ˈʃ-/ and /ˈsk-/ can be postulated regardless of the etymology adopted"
}
],
"word": "scurnen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scurnen meaning in Middle English (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.